O continente Africano e a formação da consciência social no Brasil

Não é comum encontrar um livro brasileiro sobre algum país do Continente Africano. Conhecemos sobre o apartheid, porém temos poucas notícias fieis sobre África. O mais comum são informações romantizadas, sem contexto e até omitidas. Porém, o que perdemos ao não pensar e divulgar ideias e informações de África? Muitos dos ideais não foram calados pela violência sofrida ao longo de séculos, como o tráfico, a dominação, as guerras! Ocorreu uma forte luta de resistência contra a exploração, opressão e menosprezo! No Brasil, por exemplo, temos as Leis 10639/03 e 11645/08, porém suas reais implementações ainda exigem muito esforço, amplitude, densidade e estudo. Quais são as figuras históricas que os estudantes vislumbram nos bancos escolares? Qual parte do mundo é estudada em livros de história? É preciso trazer heróis negros da luta pela libertação dos países africanos, é preciso que nossos jovens possam se reconhecer em fatos históricos importantes e, principalmente, possam valorizar tais figuras e se valorizar conjuntamente. É deixando de ser hospedeiro de uma cultura racista que nos tornamos antirracistas

A study on the application of bio-inspired algorithms to the problem of direction of arrival estimation

The classical solution to the problem of estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of plane waves impinging on a sensor array is based on the application of the maximum likelihood method. This approach leads to the problem of optimizing a cost function which is non-linear, non-quadratic, multimodal and variant with respect to the signal-noise ratio (SNR). The methods proposed in the literature to solve this problem fail for a wide set of SNR values. This work presents the results obtained from a study on the application of natural computing algorithms to the DOA estimation problem. Computational simulations show that four of the analyzed algorithms find the global optimum for a broad range of SNR values with computational efforts lower than that associated with an exaustive search.A solução clássica para o problema de estimação dos ângulos de chegada (DOA) de sinais incidindo em um arranjo de sensores é a aplicação do método de máxima verossimilhança. Este método leva ao problema de otimização de uma função custo não-linear, não-quadrática, multimodal e variante com a relação sinal-ruído (SNR). Os métodos propostos para tal tarefa, presentes na literatura, falham em uma ampla gama de valores de SNR. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre a aplicação de ferramentas pertencentes à computação natural ao problema de estimação DOA. Simulações demonstram que quatro dos algoritmos analisados alcançam o ótimo global para uma ampla faixa de valores de SNR, com esforços computacionais inferiores àquele exigido por uma busca exaustiva.60962

Antimicrobial activity and flow rate of newer and established root canal sealers

Endodontic sealers that possess both optimum flow ability and antimicrobial properties may theoretically assist in the elimination of microorganisms located in confined areas of the root canal system. The antimicrobial effects and the flow rate of the following sealers were investigated and compared: Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Grossman's Sealer, ThermaSeal, Sealer 26, AH Plus, and Sealer Plus. The agar diffusion test was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the sealers. In the flow assay, the sealers were placed between two glass slabs and a weight of 500 g was placed on the top of the glass. The diameters of the formed discs were recorded. All root canal sealers tested showed some antimicrobial activity against most of the microorganisms. There were no significant differences between the materials tested (p > 0.05). All root canal sealers also flowed under the conditions of this study. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that AH Plus and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT had flow values significantly superior to the other sealers tested (p > 0.05). Taken together, these findings suggest that these sealers have the potential to help in the microbial control in the root canal system

Cowpea: A Strategic Legume Species for Food Security and Health

In this chapter, several characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including nutritional and nutraceutical properties, and economic and social aspects of production were analysed with the objective to demonstrate that cowpea is a culture suitable for inclusion in food security programs. Cowpea is rich in diverse nutrients, highlighting high levels of protein. Cowpea also is rich in nutraceuticals compounds such as dietary fibre, antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. Widely cultivated and consumed cowpea is the very important legume for the nutrition and health of millions of people in many countries. In addition to being nutritious and safe, cowpea has high relative productivity, production stability and high tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought. Cowpea also has economic viability, low environmental impact and contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the sustainability of production systems. Cowpea is a safe food, always available in most regions, low priced compared to other sources of protein. Based on the analyses performed, it is possible to infer that cowpea is a strategic culture for the promotion of food security and health of populations on all continents

Metodologia para identificação do componente fundamental da tensão da rede baseada no algoritmo recursivo da TDF

Considering the increasing demand on digital processing techniques for power electronics and power systems application, this paper deals with the use of a Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform (RDFT) for phase angle, frequency and magnitude identification of the grid fundamental voltages, irrespective to waveform distortions, frequency or amplitude deviations. It will be discussed that if the fundamental frequency of the measured voltages exactly matches the frequency for which the DFT has been designed, an ordinary RDFT algorithm is completely able to provide the necessary information about phase, frequency and magnitude. Two additional algorithms have been proposed to ensure the correct performance if the frequency departs from its nominal value: one for phase correction and another for identification of the fundamental component magnitude. Moreover, it is important to point out that by means of the proposed algorithms, the fundamental component can be identified in less than 2 cicles, independently of the input voltage signal. The analysis of the RDFT has been performed by means of simulation results. In order to evaluate the behavior of the RDFT in a practical system, experimental results regarding to the synchronization of a small generator and the power grid will be presented.Considerando a crescente utilização de técnicas de processamento digital de sinais em aplicações de sistemas eletrônicos e ou de potência, este artigo discute o uso da Transformada Discreta de Fourier Recursiva (TDFR) para identificação do ângulo de fase, da freqüência e da amplitude das tensões fundamentais da rede, independente de distorções na forma de onda ou de transitórios na amplitude. Será discutido que, se a freqüência fundamental das tensões medidas coincide com a freqüência a qual a TDF foi projetada, um simples algoritmo TDFR é completamente capaz de fornecer as informações requeridas de fase, freqüência e amplitude. Dois algoritmos adicionais são propostos para garantir seu desempenho correto quando a freqüência difere do seu valor nominal: um deles para a correção do erro de fase do sinal de saída e outro para identificação da amplitude do componente fundamental. Além disto, destaca-se que através dos algoritmos propostos, independentemente do sinal de entrada, a identificação do componente fundamental pode ser realizada em, no máximo, 2 ciclos da rede. Uma análise dos resultados evidenciados pela TDFR foi desenvolvida através de simulações computacionais. Também serão apresentados resultados experimentais referentes ao sincronismo de um gerador síncrono com a rede elétrica, através dos sinais fornecidos pela TDFR.38139

Methodology Adapted to the Practice of Judo for Older Men

Our study presents a methodological proposal for the practice of judo as a viable, alternative exercise method to improve the health of older men and seniors. Bibliographic survey was utilized to analyze the results. A number of studies attempt to adapt the practice of judo to enhance different health variables in middle-aged and elderly men. The proposal of adapting judo methodology to older men was conceived based on these studies. The methodological proposal presented in this study corroborates the health and quality of life needs of judo enthusiasts, in addition to providing an opportunity for exercise that is normally appealing to men. In this respect, the methodological adaptations described in the present study may be an effective and viable way to prevent disease, maintain and promote health and quality of life, applying an exercise method that uses adapted judo training

Método Fl-pmc (fourier Lapped - Perceptron Multicamadas) Para A Estimação De Qualidade De Voz

A Patente de invenção para a estimação da qualidade subjetiva dos sinais de voz é compreendida por: a) técnicas de processamento de sinais aplicadas ao alinhamento (1) e ajustes para igualar o nível de energia (2) dos sinais de voz; aplicação das transformadas FFT (3) e MLT (4) e adaptação dos padrões resultantes às características auditivas humanas, a fim de revelar as informações espectrais e perceptuais dos sinais de voz; extração da diferença entre as SNR segmentadas (5) entre os sinais de voz; extração da distância espectral perceptual (6), após a aplicação da FFT e da MLT; extração da distância cepstral perceptual (7), após a aplicação da FFT e da MLT; cálculo da medida objetiva MOQV1 (8) após a aplicação da FFT e da MLT e cálculo da medida objetiva MOQV2 (9) após a aplicação da FFT e da MLT; implementação da rede neural Perceptron multicamadas para o mapeamento multidimensional e não-linear dos dez parâmetros extraídos dos sinais de voz numa correspondente estimativa da qualidade subjetiva dos sinais de voz (MOS ou CMOS) ou por um código binário associado aos valores MOS e CMOS (10).BR0204932 (A)G10L19/02G10L7/06BR20020204932G10L19/02G10L7/0

Covariance Genetic Estimates For Features Tabapuã Growth In Brazil

This review aimed to estimate covariance components for Tabapuã the growth characteristics in Brazil, using random regression models. The random regression models (MRA) make it possible to estimate coefficients of the covariance functions by the method of restricted maximum likelihood. These are suitable for longitudinal data analysis models, because of the deficiencies of conventional methods of quantitative genetic analysis, which are considered phenotypic values inherently continuous processes, as discrete processes. The covariance functions show the statistical correlation between two features of a trajectory at different points of same, ie that present in the arrangement have the same direction and magnitude. With the current concern of cutting bovinocultores regarding the growth of animals, the use of methods or techniques that provide increasingly accurate assessments of genetic parameters to be used in studying the development of animals for meat production is relevan

The effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on psychomotor performance of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychomotor performance is a complex function generated by brain and motor systems integration, measured by accuracy, latency, and movement speed. In sports, to look for ways to improve movements is usual. Also, to utilize Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as technique of non-invasive stimulation may produce alterations in psychomotor sport skills. We conducted a systematic review including experimental studies with sham or control groups in adults reporting tDCS effects on athletes’ psychomotor performance. Cochrane Manual for Systematic Reviews and the statement on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) were followed. PsycINFO, PubMed (central), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Empirical studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from 2009 onwards and whose primary results presented an effective measure of transcranial direct current stimulation in the psychomotor performance of adult athletes were included. The results list 10 articles, 6 of them entered in the meta-analyses. The articles presented a low risk of bias and low publication bias but great dispersion of stimulation areas. PROSPERO register number: PROSPERO RD4202021055

Covariance Genetic Estimates For Features Tabapuã Growth In Brazil

This review aimed to estimate covariance components for Tabapuã the growth characteristics in Brazil, using random regression models. The random regression models (MRA) make it possible to estimate coefficients of the covariance functions by the method of restricted maximum likelihood. These are suitable for longitudinal data analysis models, because of the deficiencies of conventional methods of quantitative genetic analysis, which are considered phenotypic values inherently continuous processes, as discrete processes. The covariance functions show the statistical correlation between two features of a trajectory at different points of same, ie that present in the arrangement have the same direction and magnitude. With the current concern of cutting bovinocultores regarding the growth of animals, the use of methods or techniques that provide increasingly accurate assessments of genetic parameters to be used in studying the development of animals for meat production is relevan